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What Is the Emerging Markets Bond Index (EMBI)?
The emerging markets bond index (EMBI) is a benchmark index for measuring the total return performance of international government and corporate bonds issued by emerging market countries that meet specific liquidity and structural requirements. Despite their increased riskiness relative to developed markets, emerging market bonds offer several potential benefits such as portfolio diversity as their returns are not closely correlated to traditional asset classes.
Key Takeaways
- The Emerging Markets Bond Index (EMBI) serves as a key benchmark for evaluating the return performance of government and corporate bonds issued by emerging market countries, which generally offer higher yields compared to those from developed markets.
- The majority of the EMBI tracks sovereign debt, noting that such bonds, although carrying higher risks due to economic and political factors, also provide opportunities for diversification in an investor’s portfolio.
- Different versions of the EMBI, like the EMBI+ and EMBI Global Index, cater to varying investment strategies by including bonds from a diverse set of emerging economies, each having unique criteria for country selection and debt representation.
- J.P. Morgan’s EMBI indices are utilized extensively by money managers as benchmarks for emerging market debt instruments, providing investors with comparisons for mutual funds or ETFs that focus on these countries.
- The iShares JPMorgan USD Emerging Markets Bond ETF offers a diversified pathway to accessing high-yield fixed income from a variety of emerging markets, maintaining a broad geographic diversification to mitigate risk.
How the Emerging Markets Bond Index (EMBI) Operates
An emerging market describes a developing country or economy that is progressing toward becoming more advanced by rapidly industrializing and adopting free-market economies. The largest emerging markets include Nigeria, China, India, Brazil, South Africa, Poland, Mexico, Turkey, Argentina, Russia, etc. Investors buy government bonds from these nations to benefit from their rapid growth.
Emerging market debt or bonds are considered sovereign debt. These government bonds are typically issued in foreign currencies, either in US dollars, euros, or Japanese yen. Because of the increased economic and political risk present in these countries, the credit rating on emerging market bonds tend to be lower than that on developed market bonds. Because of their higher risk, emerging market bonds offer higher yields compared to stable bonds in developed countries. For example, the PIMCO Emerging Local Bond Fund delivered a total return of more than 14% in the first nine months of 2017, while the iShares Core US Aggregate Bond ETF gained 3.1% during the same time period. Investors who want exposure to emerging economies and who are willing to take on additional risk typically do so through mutual funds or exchange-traded funds (ETFs) that track the performance of a benchmark index, such as the emerging markets bond index.
Applications of the Emerging Markets Bond Index
Emerging markets bond indexes, like the JP Morgan EMBI+ and EMBI Global, serve as benchmarks for bond performance. The EMBI+ Index measures Brady bonds, which are dollar-denominated bonds issued primarily by Latin American countries. The EMBI+ also includes dollar-denominated loans and Eurobonds and expands on J.P. Morgan’s original Emerging Markets Bond Index (EMBI), which was introduced in 1992 when it covered only Brady bonds. Countries in the EMBI+ index are selected according to a sovereign credit rating level. The index is weighted on the basis of the market capitalization of government bonds, but it is the sub-index with the greatest liquidity requirements, so some markets are excluded. Debt must mature in over a year, exceed $500 million in value, and meet strict trading rules to join the index.
Exploring the EMBI+ and Its Variants
The JP Morgan EMBI Global Index is an extended version of the EMBI+ Index. The EMBI Global has the same criteria as the EMBI+. However, it does not select countries based on their sovereign credit rating level. Instead, the index includes a number of higher-rated countries through a formula which combines the World Bank-defined per capita income brackets and each country’s debt-restructuring history. Hence, it is somewhat more comprehensive, broader, and, thus, more representative than the EMBI+ Index.
The EMBI Global Diversified limits the weights of countries with larger debt stocks by only including a specified portion of these countries’ eligible current face amounts of debt outstanding. The large markets are weighted lower, and the small markets are weighted higher than in the EMBI Global Index.
The J.P. Morgan indexes are a popular benchmark for money managers that deal in emerging market debt so that investors may see the index used as a comparison for their mutual funds or exchange-traded funds. Because of their higher interest rates, emerging market bonds can significantly outperform U.S. Treasury bonds. Other emerging bond indexes include Barclays USD Emerging Market GovRIC Cap Index, DB Emerging Market USD Liquid Balanced Index, and Bloomberg USD Emerging Market Sovereign Bond Index.
Investing in Emerging Markets via iShares JPMorgan USD Bond ETF
Launched with the help of iShares in December 2007, the iShares JPMorgan USD Emerging Markets Bond ETF (EMB) tracks the JPMorgan EMBI Global Core Index. EMBI Global Core is a very broad, U.S.-dollar denominated, emerging-markets debt benchmark. It is also highly diverse – no single debt instrument comprises more than 2% of total holdings, and most fall short of 1%. Nearly three-quarters of the EMBI Global Core is emerging government debt, with most of the rest focused on high-yielding corporate bonds. The expense ratio is in line with what you’d expect from an iShares ETF at 0.40%.
The iShares JPMorgan USD Emerging Markets Bond ETF is best suited for investors are looking for a diversified path to high-yielding fixed income. The fund has holdings in 50 countries, including in allocation in Russia, Mexico, Poland, Hungary, South Africa, and the Philippines.
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