What Is an Accredited Asset Management Specialist (AAMS)?

The Accredited Asset Management Specialist (AAMS) is a professional designation awarded by the College for Financial Planning to financial professionals who complete a self-study program, pass an exam, and agree to comply with a code of ethics.

Successful applicants earn the right to use the AAMS designation with their names for two years, which can improve job opportunities, professional reputation, and pay.

Understanding the AAMS Designation

The AAMS program began in 1994 and is taught exclusively online using the CFP’s platform. The College for Financial Planning (owned by Kaplan) is a financial education provider for working adults in the financial services industry.

The AAMS program consists of 10 modules, starting with a review of the asset management process, and then covers a broad range of topics, such as investments, insurance, taxation, retirement, and estate planning issues.

To keep the privileges associated with the designation, AAMS professionals must complete 16 hours of continuing education every two years and pay a fee. The AAMS continuing education program is developed alongside some of the nation’s top investment firms. Applicants explore case studies based on real-life scenarios designed to prepare them for effectiveness in the real world and help them build lasting relationships with clients.

What Does an AAMS Do?

The AAMS certification is designed to equip new advisors with the information they need to help clients plan for and accomplish their personal financial goals. The specialists help people plan college savings, taxes, and retirement savings.

An AAMS focuses on personal finances, over and above checking and savings account management—asset management, investments, and much more.

How to Attain AAMS Certification

The AAMS certification is granted by the College of Financial Planning, the college that created the Certified Financial Planner certification.

To achieve certification, you’ll need to enroll at the College of Financial Planning. This process is not similar to traditionally enrolling in a college. You select the program from the college’s website, choose your options, and pay for the materials. You’re given an opportunity to choose printed study materials when you’re checking out.

Once you receive your materials, you have 120 days from the day you’re granted access to the online material to complete testing and pass the final exam. You follow the course online—using prerecorded videos, self-study, and printed study materials if you buy them.

The final exam for the AAMS program contains 80 questions. A passing score on the AAMS final examination is 70% or better. The time limit for the final exam is three hours, and you’re allowed two attempts to pass.

The self-study program covers several topics:

• The asset management process
• Investment strategies
• Policy and change
• Risk, return, and investment performance
• Asset allocation and selection
• Taxation of investment products
• Investment opportunities for individual retirement
• Investment considerations for small business owners
• Executive compensation and benefit plans
• Insurance products for investment clients
• Estate planning
• Regulatory and ethical issues.

Once you receive your AAMS certification, you must complete 16 hours of continuing education credits per year and pay a renewal fee of $95 once every two years to maintain your certification.

AAMS vs. CFP

AAMS certification focuses on personal finance, asset management, and investments. It is intended for newer financial planners or planners transitioning from other financial work.

Certified Financial Planners (CFP) are finance professionals certified by the College of Financial Planning to help people plan and achieve their financial goals. A CFP can assist someone throughout their lifetime, helping them adjust their finances to meet changing life events and updated financial goals.

The CFP certification is the highest accreditation available for financial planners, requiring 6,000 hours of professional planning experience within the ten years preceding the certification exam.

Special Considerations

The Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) specifies that it does not approve or endorse any professional credential or designation. Still, it does list the AAMS as one of the available designations in the financial services industry. According to the College for Financial Planning (CFP), some organizations recognize the AAMS designation as representing 28 hours of continuing education credit.

The CFP maintains an accessible database of the names of all certificate holders and their status. When AAMS students pass their final exam, they receive credit for completing module FP511 from the CFP course.

The Bottom Line

An AAMS is a financial advisor certified by the College of Financial Planning to advise clients about personal finances, asset management, and investments. It is a challenging course of study for those unfamiliar with investing and assets, but it is also a stepping stone for achieving the highly coveted Certified Financial Planner designation.

What Does Accredited in Business Valuation Mean?

Accredited in Business Valuation (ABV) is a professional designation awarded to a certified public accountant (CPA), who specializes in calculating businesses’ value. The ABV certification is overseen by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA). It requires candidates to complete an application process, pass an exam, meet the minimum business experience and education requirements, and pay a credential fee. As of 2021, the annual fee for the ABV Credential was $380.

Maintaining the ABV credential also requires those who hold the certification to meet minimum work experience standards and lifelong learning. Successful applicants earn the right to use the ABV designation with their names, improving job opportunities, professional reputation, and pay.

How Accredited in Business Valuation Works

The Accredited in Business Valuation credential is awarded to CPAs who demonstrate considerable knowledge, skill, and business valuation experience. The study program to become an ABV covers the basic business valuation process, professional standards, qualitative and quantitative analysis, valuation analysis, and other related topics, such as financial reporting and litigation.

Accredited in Business Valuation Requirements

Candidates seeking ABV accreditation must have a valid (and unrevoked) CPA license or certificate issued by the appropriate state authority. They must also pass the ABV Examination, with some exceptions. For example, this requirement is waived in the case of AM (Accredited Member of the ASA) and ASA (Accredited Senior Appraiser) credential holders of the American Society of Appraisers, CFA (Certified Financial Actuary) holders, and CBV (Chartered Business Valuator) credential holders of the Canadian Institute of Chartered Business Valuators.

Every three years, ABV professionals must complete 60 hours of continuing professional education. They must also pay an annual fee of several hundred dollars.

Business Experience and Education Requirements For Candidates

Business Experience

ABV candidates must have obtained a minimum of 150 hours of BV experience within the five years preceding the credential application date. Candidates may also apply a maximum of 15 experience hours by completing the hands-on business valuation case study track at the AICPA Forensic and Valuation Services Conference.

Education Requirement

ABV candidates must complete 75 hours of valuation-related continuing professional development (CPD). All hours must be obtained within the 5-year period preceding the date of the ABV application.

Accredited In Business Valuation Exam

The ABV Exam is conducted by computer and consists of two parts. Both parts must be passed in 12 months (based on passing the first part) to receive ABV credit.

Applicants are given three hours and 15-minutes to complete each section of the test, including a 15-minute break. The exam consists of 90 multiple-choice questions per module, and much of the exam are discrete multiple-choice questions (78 in total). A dozen questions are case studies with accompanying multiple-choice answers. These questions are meant to test a candidate’s analytical aptitude and apply valuation theory and methodology.

What Is an Alternative Investment?

An alternative investment is a financial asset that does not fall into one of the conventional investment categories. Conventional categories include stocks, bonds, and cash. Alternative investments can include private equity or venture capital, hedge funds, managed futures, art and antiques, commodities, and derivatives contracts. Real estate is also often classified as an alternative investment.

Understanding Alternative Investments

Most alternative investment assets are held by institutional investors or accredited, high-net-worth individuals because of their complex nature, lack of regulation, and degree of risk. Many alternative investments have high minimum investments and fee structures, especially when compared to mutual funds and exchange-traded funds (ETFs). These investments also have less opportunity to publish verifiable performance data and advertise to potential investors. Although alternative assets may have high initial minimums and upfront investment fees, transaction costs are typically lower than those of conventional assets due to lower levels of turnover.

Most alternative assets are fairly illiquid, especially compared to their conventional counterparts. For example, investors are likely to find it considerably more difficult to sell an 80-year old bottle of wine compared to 1,000 shares of Apple Inc. due to a limited number of buyers. Investors may have difficulty even valuing alternative investments, since the assets, and transactions involving them, are often rare. For example, a seller of a 1933 Saint-Gaudens Double Eagle $20 gold coin may have difficulty determining its value, as there are only 13 known to exist and only one can be legally owned.

Regulation of Alternative Investments

Even when they don’t involve unique items like coins or art, alternative investments are prone to investment scams and fraud due to the lack of regulations.

Alternative investments are often subject to a less clear legal structure than conventional investments. They do fall under the purview of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, and their practices are subject to examination by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). However, they usually don’t have to register with the SEC. As such, they are not overseen or regulated by the SEC as are mutual funds and ETFs.

So, it is essential that investors conduct extensive due diligence when considering alternative investments. In some cases, only accredited investors may invest in alternative offerings. Accredited investors are those with a net worth exceeding $1 million—not counting their primary residence—or with an annual income of at least $200,000 (or $300,000 combined with a spousal income). Financial professionals who hold a FINRA Series 7, 65, or 82 license may also qualify as an accredited investor.

Strategy for Alternative Investments

Alternative investments typically have a low correlation with those in standard asset classes. This low correlation means they often move counter to the stock and bond markets. This feature makes them a suitable tool for portfolio diversification. Investments in hard assets, such as gold, oil, and real property, also provide an effective hedge against inflation, which hurts the purchasing power of paper money.

Because of this, many large institutional funds such as pension funds and private endowments often allocate a small portion of their portfolios—typically less than 10%—to alternative investments such as hedge funds.

The non-accredited retail investor also has access to alternative investments. Alternative mutual funds and exchange-traded funds—also called alt funds or liquid alts—are now available. These alt funds provide ample opportunity to invest in alternative asset categories, previously difficult and costly for the average individual to access. Because they are publicly traded, alt funds are SEC-registered and regulated, specifically by the Investment Company Act of 1940.

Example of Alternative Investments

Just being regulated does not mean that alt funds are safe investments. The SEC notes, “Many alternative mutual funds have limited performance histories.”

Also, although its diversified portfolio naturally mitigates the threat of loss, an alt fund is still subject to the inherent risks of its underlying assets. Indeed, the track record of ETFs that specialize in alternative assets has been mixed.

For example, as of January 2022, the SPDR Dow Jones Global Real Estate ETF had an annualized five-year return of 6.17%. In contrast, the SPDR S&P Oil & Gas Exploration & Production ETF posted a return of –6.40% for the same period.

What Is an Accredited Investor?

An accredited investor is an individual or a business entity that is allowed to trade securities that may not be registered with financial authorities. They are entitled to this privileged access by satisfying at least one requirement regarding their income, net worth, asset size, governance status, or professional experience.

In the U.S., the term accredited investor is used by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) under Regulation D to refer to investors who are financially sophisticated and have a reduced need for the protection provided by regulatory disclosure filings. Accredited investors include high-net-worth individuals (HNWIs), banks, insurance companies, brokers, and trusts.

Understanding Accredited Investors

Accredited investors are legally authorized to purchase securities that are not registered with regulatory authorities like the SEC. Many companies decide to offer securities to this class of accredited investors directly. Because this decision allows companies exemption from registering securities with the SEC, it can save them a lot of money.

This type of share offering is referred to as a private placement. It has the potential to present these accredited investors with a great deal of risk. Therefore authorities need to ensure that they are financially stable, experienced, and knowledgeable about their risky ventures.

When companies decide to offer their shares to accredited investors, the role of regulatory authorities is limited to verifying or offering the necessary guidelines for setting benchmarks to determine who qualifies as an accredited investor. Regulatory authorities help determine if the applicant possesses the necessary financial means and knowledge to take the risks involved in investing in unregistered securities.

Accredited investors also have privileged access to venture capital, hedge funds, angel investments, and deals involving complex and higher-risk investments and instruments.

Requirements for Accredited Investors

The regulations for accredited investors vary from one jurisdiction to the other and are often defined by a local market regulator or a competent authority. In the U.S, the definition of an accredited investor is put forth by SEC in Rule 501 of Regulation D.

To be an accredited investor, a person must have an annual income exceeding $200,000 ($300,000 for joint income) for the last two years with the expectation of earning the same or a higher income in the current year. An individual must have earned income above the thresholds either alone or with a spouse over the last two years. The income test cannot be satisfied by showing one year of an individual’s income and the next two years of joint income with a spouse.

A person is also considered an accredited investor if they have a net worth exceeding $1 million, either individually or jointly with their spouse. This amount cannot include a primary residence. The SEC also considers a person to be an accredited investor if they are a general partner, executive officer, or director for the company that is issuing the unregistered securities.

An entity is considered an accredited investor if it is a private business development company or an organization with assets exceeding $5 million. Also, if an entity consists of equity owners who are accredited investors, the entity itself is an accredited investor. However, an organization cannot be formed with the sole purpose of purchasing specific securities.

Recent Changes to the Accredited Investor Definition

Recently, the U.S. Congress modified the definition of an accredited investor to include registered brokers and investment advisors.

On Aug. 26, 2020, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission amended the definition of an accredited investor. According to the SEC’s press release, “the amendments allow investors to qualify as accredited investors based on defined measures of professional knowledge, experience or certifications in addition to the existing tests for income or net worth. The amendments also expand the list of entities that may qualify as accredited investors, including by allowing any entity that meets an investments test to qualify.”

Among other categories, the SEC now defines accredited investors to include the following: individuals who have certain professional certifications, designations, or credentials; individuals who are “knowledgeable employees” of a private fund; and SEC- and state-registered investment advisors.

Purpose of Accredited Investor Requirements 

Any regulatory authority of a market is tasked with both promoting investment and safeguarding investors. On one hand, regulators have a vested interest in promoting investments in risky ventures and entrepreneurial activities because they have the potential to emerge as multi-baggers in the future. Such initiatives are risky, may be focused on concept-only research and development activities without any marketable product, and may have a high chance of failure. If these ventures are successful, they offer a big return to their investors. However, they also have a high probability of failure.

On the other hand, regulators need to protect less-knowledgeable, individual investors who may not have the financial cushion to absorb high losses or understand the risks associated with their investments. Therefore, the provision of accredited investors allows access for both investors who are financially well-equipped, as well as investors who are knowledgeable and experienced.

There is no formal process for becoming an accredited investor. Rather, it is the responsibility of the sellers of such securities to take a number of different steps in order to verify the status of entities or individuals who wish to be treated as accredited investors. 

Individuals or parties who want to be accredited investors can approach the issuer of the unregistered securities. The issuer may ask the applicant to respond to a questionnaire to determine if the applicant qualifies as an accredited investor. The questionnaire may require various attachments: account information, financial statements, and a balance sheet to verify the qualification. The list of attachments can extend to tax returns, W-2 forms, salary slips, and even letters from reviews by CPAs, tax attorneys, investment brokers, or advisors. Additionally, the issuers may also evaluate an individual’s credit report for additional assessment.

Example of an Accredited Investor

For example, suppose there is an individual whose income was $150,000 for the last three years. They reported a primary residence value of $1 million (with a mortgage of $200,000), a car worth $100,000 (with an outstanding loan of $50,000), a 401(k) account with $500,000, and a savings account with $450,000. While this individual fails the income test, they are an accredited investor according to the test on net worth, which cannot include the value of an individual’s primary residence. Net worth is calculated as assets minus liabilities.

This person’s net worth is exactly $1 million. This involves a calculation of their assets (other than their primary residence) of $1,050,000 ($100,000 + $500,000 + $450,000) less a car loan equaling $50,000. Since they meet the net worth requirement, they qualify to be an accredited investor.

The Bottom Line

The accredited investor rules are designed to protect potential investors with limited financial knowledge from risky ventures and losses they may be ill equipped to withstand. But on the flip side, it gives people already starting off with large financial assets a major advantage over those with more modest assets.